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Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a
life-threatening skin disease that can cause rash, skin peeling, and
sores on the mucous membranes. With Stevens-Johnson syndrome, a person
has blistering of mucous membranes, typically in the mouth, eyes, and
vagina, and patchy areas of rash. Stevens-Johnson syndrome has been
classified as a severe expression of erythema multiforme (EM).Other
symptoms and complications of SJS include:
permanent blindness
dry-eye syndrome
photophobia
lung damage
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
asthma
permanent loss of nail beds
scarring of the esophagus and other mucous membranes
arthritis
chronic fatigue syndrome
While a small percentage of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome cases have been
linked to bacterial infections and skin graft problems, the majority are
caused by adverse drug reactions (ADRs). In an ADR, the drug acts as an
allergen and causes the immune system to respond by producing antibodies
and other disease fighting cells. These antibodies actually injure the
surrounding cells and cause the physical symptoms of an allergic
reaction.
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome is a life-threatening condition, yet
it is often misdiagnosed and under-reported by many physicians.
Emergency facilities and doctors often do not recognize the symptoms,
causing a delay in treatment and increasing the harmful effects of the
reaction. Complications from SJS can include blindness, dry-eye
syndrome, esophagus and lung damage, chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), asthma, arthritis, and chronic fatigue syndrome. In some
SJS patients, their pores scar shut, causing them to retain heat. If
left untreated, SJS can be fatal.
Once Stevens-Johnson Syndrome begins, there is no treatment to stop it.
The only course of action is to treat the illness’ many symptoms. Since
SJS victims often have serious blistering and ulceration, many SJS
patients are referred to Burn Treatment Centers. Treatment consists of
immediately ceasing use of the offending drug, maintaining fluids and
electrolytes, caring for any mouth or eye lesions and providing proper
nutrition. Steroids may also provide benefit, especially when given
during the first week of the illness.
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